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This paper covers the differences between two separate bibliometric approaches, labelled ‘descriptive’ versus ‘evaluative’, or top down versus bottom up. The most important difference between these two approaches is found in the level of validity of the underlying research output. Whilst the publications in a top down approach, having a descriptive character, are collected by following general characteristics...
Many countries are placing a greater emphasis on public accountability for government research funding and are starting to use quantitative performance indicators for the distribution of funds. In Australian universities the use of quantitative formulas to allocate the research component of university block grants to institutions has been in place for a decade, and thus the system provides fertile...
Powerful engines tend to support internationalisation: self-organisation of scientific communities regardless of national borders; international and supranational top down programmes; side effects of economic globalisation; all these trends being boosted latterly by the ICT/Internet revolution. However, internationalisation meets several obstacles: resistance of the national structure in most aspects...
A review of interdisciplinarity in science is presented from the point of view of quantitative studies of science. The main objectives pursued and methodologies used in publications on cross-disciplinary research are pointed out, as well as the most relevant results obtained. The study of cross-disciplinary collaboration between authors, co-classification analysis, interdisciplinary nature of publication...
Citations to biomedical research papers from different types of document — clinical guidelines, textbooks, government policy documents, international or national regulations and newspaper articles — can provide new indicators of the utility of such research. However, most such citing documents will be national in character, and in order to provide an international perspective it will be necessary...
This chapter reviews bibliometric studies of the social sciences and humanities. SSCI bibliometrics will work reasonably well in economics and psychology, whose literatures share many characteristics with science, and less well in sociology, characterised by a typical social science literature. The premise of the chapter is that quantitative evaluation of research output faces severe methodological...
Chinese scientists and decision makers are, like their counterparts elsewhere in the world, highly interested in analysing the quality of their country’s academic and technological achievements. Twenty five years ago research activities Chinese scientists understood the world’s scientific research largely through journals consulted in libraries. in China were mainly conducted within the nation’s borders...
Publication and citation counts have become essential indicators for science policy in many countries. However, the overall national performance needs to be decomposed if it is to inform the development of appropriate and targeted policies. This can be accomplished by breaking down performance in terms of research institution, research groups and/or individual authors, as well as by applying different...
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